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| NEWS & NOTES
Written By:
Sakina N. Bharani, M.D. SINUSITIS – “SINUSES” Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane or inner lining of the sinuses. Sinuses are the hollow air spaces surrounding the nose and are located within the skull or bones of the head. They include:
Sinusitis has many causes including: bacterial and viral infections, allergic reactions and various other factors ranging from temperature and humidity fluctuations to smoke and smog. Sinusitis also plagues those swimmers and divers who come into direct contact with water. SINUSITIS AND ALLERGY Patients with uncontrolled nasal allergies frequently experience a high degree of sinus congestion and discomfort. The nasal passages of an allergic individual may become swollen and blocked on exposure to allergens such as molds, pollen, animal dander and house dust/dust mites. Then, this reaction can prevent the air from entering the sinus cavities because the sinus openings are blocked. A vacuum is created in the sinuses leading to negative pressure, fluid collection and infection, known most often as a “sinus attack.” SINUS PAIN
Another common symptom of sinusitis is post-nasal drainage. This is mucous drainage behind the nose and down the back of the throat. Sinusitis can lead to a sore throat, hoarse voice, and a dry, hacking cough. Sinus congestion and post-nasal drainage also can trigger coughing and wheezing in asthmatic patients. PREVENTION OF SINUSITIS Sinus disorders cannot be completely prevented but certain measures can reduce the number and severity of attacks. An allergy evaluation will be recommended if it is suspected that the sinus condition is related to an allergic reaction to dusts, molds, pollens or animal dander. Recommendations for the sinusitis patient may include appropriate medications and elimination of certain triggering factors. For example, certain environmental factors such as animal dander may need to be eliminated. When the patient does not respond to normal medical therapy, or severe and persistent conditions remain, immunotherapy or desensitization injections are recommended. It is also important for the sinusitis patient to maintain appropriate temperature and humidity indoors. This may be aided by installing an air conditioner or humidifier. The patient should curtail cigarette smoking and exposure to other air pollutants. For certain individuals, an air filter is suggested. TREATMENTAfter the initial evaluation of a patient, a sinus CT (computed tomography) scan may be taken in order to make a precise diagnosis of sinusitis. Infection is controlled by antibiotics, while congestion may be relieved by decongestants and certain nasal sprays. Congestion during an acute attack may be lessened by inhaling steam. Severe cases of sinusitis may require surgical drainage. Nasal polyps, small growths in the lining of the sinuses also may interfere with proper drainage. Medical therapy, in many cases, can help to shrink these polyps. However, removal of these polyps may be necessary to ensure open passage and adequate drainage.
PLEASE NOTE:
The information in this “News and Notes” represents general guidance in the
field of Allergy.
Nothing
herein stated shall be construed as a specific or implied treatment for an
ailment.
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